晚上在虚拟机上重新装了下 gentoo,用了当前最新版的 gentoo,把安装过程记录下来备用。
下载安装包
下载安装 CD 和 stage3 包:
http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/where.xml
我用的是 amd64 平台的:
http://mirrors.kernel.org/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-iso/
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-iso/stage3-amd64-20091203.tar.bz2
wget http://distfiles.gentoo.org/snapshots/portage-20100116.tar.bz2
开始安装
将安装 CD 插入虚拟机,引导后进入命令行。
先配置好网络,之后的操作可以全部通过 ssh 连接来操作。
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12/24
route add default gw 192.168.1.1
echo nameserver 192.168.1.1 > /etc/resolv.conf
设置 root 用户密码:
passwd
启动 sshd 服务:
/etc/init.d/sshd start
用 SecureCRT 连接:
磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sda
分区如下:
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3df1b937
nano -w /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2
/dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1
/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0
格式化分区:
mke2fs /dev/sda1
mke2fs -j /dev/sda3
mkswap /dev/sda2
启动交换分区:
swapon /dev/sda2
解压 stage3 和 portage
创建基本目录结构:
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo
lmkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
cd /mnt/gentoo
使用 SecureFX 上传 stage3 包到 /mnt/gentoo,然后解压:
tar jxf stage3-amd64-20091203.tar.bz2
rm -f stage3-amd64-20091203.tar.bz2
上传 portage 包到 /mnt/gentoo/usr,然后解压:
tar jxf portage-20100116.tar.bz2
rm -f portage-20100116.tar.bz2
切换系统
cd /
mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
env-update && source /etc/profile
主机域名设置
cd /etc
echo “127.0.0.1 gentoo.at.home gentoo localhost” > hosts
sed -i -e ‘s/HOSTNAME.*/HOSTNAME=”gentoo”/’ conf.d/hostname
hostname mybox
编译安装内核
lsmod
找到网卡驱动模块:
floppy 55736 0
rtc 7960 0
tg3 103228 0
libphy 24952 1 tg3
e1000 114636 0
fuse 59344 0
jfs 153104 0
raid10 20648 0
下载源码,配置内核:
emerge gentoo-sources
cd /usr/src/linux
make menuconfig
在配置界面输入/,搜索 e1000,找到驱动所在位置:
| Symbol: E1000 [=y]
| Prompt: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet support
| Defined at drivers/net/Kconfig:1997
| Depends on: NETDEVICES && NETDEV_1000 && PCI
| Location:
| -> Device Drivers
| -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y])
| -> Ethernet (1000 Mbit) (NETDEV_1000 [=y])
虚拟机的硬盘使用的 SCSI 适配器为 LSI Logic。
需要增加对 Fusion MPT base driver 的支持(见 dmesg 日志):
— Fusion MPT device support
<*> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SPI
<*> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for FC
<*> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SAS
(128) Maximum number of scatter gather entries (16 – 128)
<*> Fusion MPT misc device (ioctl) driver
必须添加这个驱动,否则系统启动时可能出现类似以下错误:
VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
VFS: Cannot open root device “sda3”or unknown-block(2,0)
Please append a correct “root=” boot option; here are the available partitions:
0b00 1048575 sr0 driver: sr
Kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
增加对 ext2 文件系统的支持:
<*> Second extended fs support
[*] Ext2 extended attributes
[*] Ext2 POSIX Access Control Lists
[*] Ext2 Security Labels
[*] Ext2 execute in place support
make -j2
make modules_install
cp arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel
安装配置 grub
emerge grub
grub
> root (hd0,0)
> setup (hd0)
> quit
nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf
grub.conf 内容如下:
default 0
timeout 10
title Gentoo
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/kernel root=/dev/sda3
系统配置
文件系统挂载点:
nano -w /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2
/dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1
/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0
网络设置:
echo ‘config_eth0=( “192.168.1.12/24″ )’ >> /etc/conf.d/net
echo ‘routes_eth0=( “default via 192.168.1.1″ )’ >> /etc/conf.d/net
服务设置:
rc-update add sshd default
时区设置:
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock
设置 root 密码:
passwd
重启,完成安装
exit umount /mnt/gentoo/dev /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo
reboot
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